How to create a UBOS development VM for VMware Fusion on Apple Silicon computers

/docs/linux/developer/create-developer-vm/apple-silicon-vmware-fusion/

Warning

As of February 2025, the Gnome UI may not come up. That appears to be an upstream bug related to the VMWare virtual graphics card that causes the Gnome session to crash.

Install VMWare Fusion for Apple Silicon computers

This product can be obtained from https://www.vmware.com/products/desktop-hypervisor/workstation-and-fusion. It appears it is now available free of charge.

Obtain an Arch Linux ARM image

Download an ISO with the string “latest” in it from https://release.archboot.com/aarch64/latest/iso/.

Run the Arch Linux ARM image as the virtual machine to create the development VM with

Run VMWare Fusion.
In VMware Fusion, create a new virtual machine:
- In the window titled “Select the Installation Method”, select “Create a custom virtual machine”. Click “Continue”.
- In “Choose Operating System”, select “Linux” and “Other Linux 6.x kernel 64-bit Arm”. Click “Continue”.
- In “Choose a Virtual Disk”, select “Create a new virtual disk”. You cannot change the displayed size in this dialog window. Click “Continue”.
- In “Finish”, select “Customize Settings”. Save the file to “ubosdev_aarch64-vmware-YYYYMMDD-I” where YYYYMMDD is the date, and I is a number starting with 1. Click “Save”.
- Now there are two windows: the VM (currently off) and the Settings window. In the Settings window:
  - In “System Settings / Processors & Memory”: select 4 processor cores, and 8192 MB of memory. Select “Show All”.
  - In “Removable Devices / Network Adapter”: make sure the checkbox “Connect Network Adapter” is checked, and “Internet Sharing / Share with my Mac” is selected. Select “Show All”.
  - In “Removable Devices / Hard Disk (NVMe)”: change the disk size to 60 GB and click “Apply”. Select “Show All”.
  - In “Removable Devices / CD/DVD (SATA)”, turn on the check-box “Connect CD/DVD Drive”.
  - In the same “Removable Devices / CD/DVD (SATA)”, in the popup, select “Choose a disc or disc images” and select the Arch Linux ARM ISO file you downloaded previously. Select “Show All”.
Start the VM by clicking the big white triangle. Accept all defaults until you get to “Hit ENTER for login routine or CTRL-C for bash prompt”; that will take a 5-10 minutes. Then hit ^C to get the bash shell. (If you find yourself in the Archboot Arch Linux Installation with its blue background: cancel, and select “Exit Program”.)

Install Arch on the empty disk and configure it

Wait for the shell to appear.

Update the bootstrap VM and install some packages we need:

# pacman -Sy
# pacman -S archlinux-keyring
# pacman -Su
# pacman -S btrfs-progs gptfdisk parted dosfstools arch-install-scripts vi

Zero out the first bytes on the disk for extra robustness:

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nvme0n1 bs=1M count=8 conv=notrunc

Clear the partition table:
```
# sgdisk --clear /dev/nvme0n1
```

Create the partitions (UEFI, /boot and /) and change them to the right types.

# sgdisk --new=1::+1M /dev/nvme0n1
# sgdisk --new=2::+512M /dev/nvme0n1
# sgdisk --new=3:: /dev/nvme0n1
# sgdisk --typecode=1:EF02 /dev/nvme0n1
# sgdisk --typecode=2:EF00 /dev/nvme0n1

Make sure changes are in effect:
```
# sync
# partprobe /dev/nvme0n1
```
Create filesystems for partitions other than the UEFI partition:
```
# mkfs.vfat  /dev/nvme0n1p2
# mkfs.btrfs /dev/nvme0n1p3
```

Mount the partitions so we can install:

# mount /dev/nvme0n1p3 /mnt
# mkdir /mnt/boot
# mount /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt/boot

Perform the actual install of the base packages:
```
# pacstrap /mnt base
```

Generate the right fstab:

# genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

Chroot into your future root disk and finish the installation:

# arch-chroot /mnt

Add the Arch Linux ARM keyring:
```
# pacman -S archlinuxarm-keyring
```

Add the UBOS keyring so we can install our own packages:

# curl -O https://depot.ubosfiles.net/yellow/$(uname -m)/os/ubos-keyring-0.9-2-any.pkg.tar.xz
# pacman -U ubos-keyring-0.9-2-any.pkg.tar.xz
# rm ubos-keyring-0.9-2-any.pkg.tar.xz

Add the UBOS tools repo:

# echo '' >> /etc/pacman.conf
# echo '[virt]' >> /etc/pacman.conf
# echo 'Server = https://depot.ubosfiles.net/yellow/$arch/virt' >> /etc/pacman.conf
# echo '' >> /etc/pacman.conf
# echo '[ubos-tools-arch]' >> /etc/pacman.conf
# echo 'Server = https://depot.ubosfiles.net/yellow/$arch/ubos-tools-arch' >> /etc/pacman.conf

Install more packages:

# pacman -Sy
# pacman -S linux-aarch64 mkinitcpio amd-ucode sudo vim btrfs-progs open-vm-tools \
  gdm gnome-console gnome-control-center gnome-session gnome-settings-daemon \
  gnome-shell gnome-keyring nautilus \
  ubos-tools-arch

If asked which alternatives to install, choose the defaults.

Create a ramdisk:
```
# mkinitcpio -p linux-aarch64
```
Configure the boot loader:
```
# bootctl --path /boot install
```

Install a locale:

# perl -pi -e 's!#en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8!en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8!' /etc/locale.gen
# locale-gen

Set up networking:

# echo '[Match]' > /etc/systemd/network/wired.network
# echo 'Name=en*' >> /etc/systemd/network/wired.network
# echo '' >> /etc/systemd/network/wired.network
# echo '[Network]' >> /etc/systemd/network/wired.network
# echo 'DHCP=ipv4' >> /etc/systemd/network/wired.network
# echo 'IPv4Forwarding=1' >> /etc/systemd/network/wired.network
# echo 'IPv6Forwarding=1' >> /etc/systemd/network/wired.network

# systemctl enable systemd-networkd systemd-resolved systemd-timesyncd

Create a user with the right permissions and no password:

# useradd -m ubosdev
# chmod 755 ~ubosdev
# passwd -d ubosdev
# echo ubosdev ALL = NOPASSWD: ALL > /etc/sudoers.d/ubosdev
# chmod 600 /etc/sudoers.d/ubosdev

No root password:
```
# passwd -d root
```
Exit from the arch-chroot shell with ^D.

Remainder of networking setup:

# rm /mnt/etc/resolv.conf
# ln -s /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf

Configure UEFI:

Loader configuration:

# echo timeout 4 > /mnt/boot/loader/loader.conf
# echo default arch >> /mnt/boot/loader/loader.conf

Boot entry configuration:

# echo title Arch > /mnt/boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
# echo linux /Image >> /mnt/boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
# echo initrd /amd-ucode.img >> /mnt/boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
# echo initrd /initramfs-linux.img >> /mnt/boot/loader/entries/arch.conf
# echo options root=PARTUUID=$(lsblk -o PARTUUID /dev/nvme0n1p3 | tail -1 ) rootfstype=btrfs rw cgroup_disable=memory add_efi_memmap >> /mnt/boot/loader/entries/arch.conf

Power off the virtual machine:
```
# systemctl poweroff
```
Remove the ISO file from the VM:
- In the menu bar of the VM, click the tiny CD icon. If you don’t see such an icon, you may have to expand the list of icon by clicking on the tiny “>” icon first.
- In the popup, select “Disconnect CD/DVD”.

Remaining configuration

Start the VM again.
At the console, log in as ubosdev. There is no password.

Fix the locale (command won’t run earlier)

% sudo localectl set-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8

Enable Gnome:
```
% sudo systemctl enable gdm
```
Power off the virtual machine:
```
% sudo systemctl poweroff
```

Now your virtual machine is in the same state as the pre-configured development VM described in Developer setup.

Clean up the VM files and create a zip file for distribution

In the Finder, find the directory that corresponds to the virtual machine. This may be ~/Virtual Machines.localized/ubosdev_aarch64-vmware-YYYYMMDD-I.vmwarevm.

In this directory:
- Delete all files named vmware.log or vmware-N.log where N is a number.

Compress and package the directory:

% zip -r ubosdev_aarch64-vmware-YYYYMMDD-I.vmwarevm.zip ubosdev_aarch64-vmware-YYYYMMDD-I.vmwarevm